Terminology
acidogenic – acid producing
ambient - outside air temperature
anaerobic –in the absence of oxygen microbes breakdown organic material (i.e.animal manure)
anaerobic bacteria – microbes whose metabolisms require the absence of oxygen to survive
anaerobic digestion – the breakdown of animal manure (organic material) in the absence of oxygen, (methane producing bacteria are most active in two temperature ranges, 95 to 105 °F and 130 to 135 °F
biogas – the gas produced from decomposition of livestock manure in an anaerobic digester consisting of 60-80 percent methane, 30-40 percent carbon dioxide, and other trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and hydrogen
complete mix digester - a tank designed above or below ground as part of a manure management system to handle manure containing 2 to 10 percent solids. The digester is heated and mixed mechanically or with gas-mixing systems to keep the solids suspended. This maximizes biological activity for destruction of volatile solids, methane production and odor reduction.
covered lagoon digester – an anaerobic lagoon is commonly used when manure has less than 2 percent solids. Decomposition of the manure occurs, methane is produced and effluent odor is reduced. The lagoon is covered with a gas-tight cover to capture the biogas.
digester – a sealed container or tank, where the biological digestion can occur of animal manure and biogas formed
effluent – organic liquid and solid material (slurry) leaving a digester
feedstock – liquid and solid material fed to the digester, usually manure, also known as influent
fixed film digester – a tank designed as part of a manure management system to handle manure up to 3 percent solids. The digester is temperature controlled and a media is placed inside the digester. This design allows the microbial populations to attach to the media and grow as a biofilm (fixed film), thus preventing the microbes from being removed with the effluent.
hydraulic retention time (HRT) – the average length of time the liquid influent remains in the digester for treatment
influent – liquid and solid material fed to the digester, usually manure
induction generator – this type of generator operates in parallel with the utility for its phase, frequency and voltage and cannot operate in isolation (stand alone), in other words it cannot operate without the power company.
loading rate – the total amount of solids and liquids fed to the digester daily
manure – consists of animal urine and feces, wasted feed and bedding collected to put into the digester as influent
mesophilic – the temperature range of 95 to 105 °F in which methanogenic microbes thrive
methane – a combustible gas produced by anaerobic digestion, also the principal component of natural gas
methanogenic – methane producing microbes
microturbine – a small-scale gas turbine generation system to combust gas and generate electricity
net metering – an agreement with the utility company to purchase the electricity produced by the digester system at a rate equal to the farm electricity purchase rate
psychrophilic – less than 68°F
plug-flow digester – a tank designed for a manure
management system which handles manure containing 11-14 percent solids.
The digester is given daily influent plugs that flow-through the digester.
The digester is heated. This helps with the destruction of volatile solids,
methane production and odor reduction.
settled solids – the separated manure solids which settle to the bottom of the digester
slurry – the mixture of manure and water processed
in the digester
synchronous generator – this type of generator can
operate in parallel with the utility or operate in isolation from the power
company (stand alone). This generator does not need the utility voltage
to create electricity; the machine is self excited. Generally more expensive
utility breaker controls are required.
temperature-phased anaerobic digester (TPAD) – two tanks designed as part of a manure management system. The digesters are heated, the first digester in the thermophilic temperature range and the second digester in the mesophilic temperature range. This will maximize biological activity for the destruction of volatile solids, methane production and odor reduction.
thermophilic – temperature range of 125 to 135 °F where certain methanogenic bacteria are most active, the greatest pathogen destruction occurs in this temperature range
volatile acids – these are produced in the digester by acid-forming bacteria and then used by the methane-forming bacteria to produce methane
volatile solids – the organic matter in manure which can be converted to gas
volatile solids loading rate – the total amount of volatile solids fed to the digester daily (note: volatile solids are what the microbes use to make methane gas)
Abbreviations
AD – Anaerobic Digester
ASBR – Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (a suspended
growth reactor treating waste in four distinct phases over a 12 hour cycle,
including digester feeding, digester mixing and gas production, biomass
and solids settling, and liquid effluent discharge)
HRT – Hydraulic Retention Time
TPAD – Temperature-phased Anaerobic
Digester
RAS – Return Activated Sludge
SRT – Solids Retention Time
Units
AU – Animal unit
Btu – British thermal units (a unit of energy defined
as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water
1 °F)
cfd (ft3/day) – cubic feet per day
gpd – gallons per day
kW – kilowatt
kWh – kilowatt hours